I don't often post bible studies on here but I've been wanting to do this for a while.
The issue of speaking in tongues is perpetually contentious, and personally I've never known exactly where to stand on it. I was saved in a Pentecostal church but received much of my teaching in a baptist-style church, and if that's not enough to confuse me theologially I don't know what is!
I'm going to approach this with as little bias as possible, relying only on the text itself and a Greek dictionary. A truly in depth study would also consult works by theologians, but I am purposely avoiding this to make my reading "pure." (Noting that I am a sinful man and it is impossible to shed all bias).
So, this is going to be a chapter study of 1 Corinthians 14:1-25 (the most definitive teaching on tongues in the entire bible) I will begin with some background info from chapter 12:
What is Speaking in Tongues?:
1 Cor 12:8, 10 (ESV): "[To one is given through the Spirit] ...various kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues"
- "Tongues:" Gr. glossa lit. the physical tongue in the body. This word is also used in greek to mean "language"
- "various kinds:" Gr. genos very interesting word choice, literally means "different generation, different nation, different offspring." The word appears as though it should be refering to people.
- "interpretation;" Gr. hermeneia lit. "translation"
So, an extremely literal translation of this text would say something like: "To one is given the languages of men from many nations, and to another the ability to translate these languages"
It should be noted that, implicitly, the speaker of the "tongues" does not know the language he or she is speaking (otherwise it wouldn't be a gift!) It is also implied that the languages are real human languages that could be understood by a native speaker. (This is clearly the case in Acts chapter 2 as well).
This letter was written to the church in Corinth. To their credit, they desired to use the spiritual gifts, but to their detriment, their motivation was wrong. The Corinthians desired to use the most noticable gift (tongues) as a claim to their spirituality.
Paul argues in chapter 12 that all the gifts are important, and that they are distributed according to God's will. There is no "spiritual elite" who have more of God's Holy Spirit than others, because
every believer has been baptized in the Holy Spirit, and each gift shows an equal measure of the Spirit's power. All are needed for the church to function properly:
All these are empowered by one and the same Spirit, who apportions to each one individually as he wills. For just as the body is one and has many members, and all the members of the body, though many, are one body, so it is with Christ. For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body--Jews or Greeks, slaves or free--and all were made to drink of one Spirit. For the body does not consist of one member but of many.(1 Cor 12: 11-14, ESV)
Now, on to chapter 14. The chapter is set up in a rhetorical style. The argument often begins with a positive assertion followed by a negative comment and then a stated or implied application. This can be shown in the style "[A], however, [B]. Therefore [C]" In this next section I will sum up Paul's statements using this formula (which has its limits but for the purpose of this study will work). Note that I will be offering interpretation of Paul's thoughts, and I will be stripping each idea down to what I think is the main point. Also note that the context of the whole chapter is corporate worship, and Paul is teaching specifically about the use of the gifts in group setting. I suggest that you have your bible open to this chapter and read these points along with it.
It is good to desire the Spiritual gifts, in a loving way
howeversome gifts are suited better than others for certain events
thereforein the context of corporate worship prophecy is better than tongues.
Speaking in tongues reveals the mysteries of the spirit
howeveronly God understands them
thereforeprophecy (which everyone understands) is better.
Speaking in tongues builds up [edifies] the speaker
howeverit does not build up [edify] the church
thereforeit is better to use a gift that builds up the church (like prophecy)
Paul desires that everyone would speak in tongues (because it's great!) He desires even more that everyone would prophesy (because its really great!)
howeverIt is God (not Paul) who distributes the spiritual gifts. God does so as he desires, not as we desire (cf 1 Cor 12:4-7)
thereforenot everyone will speak in tongues or prophesy (cf 1 Cor 12:7-31).
Prophecy is greater than tongues
howeverif an interpretation is given then tongues are just as great
therefore
Public speaking in tongues requires interpretation.
Speaking in tongues does not build up the church and is entirely useless without interpretation
however it will build up the church if it is interpreted
thereforepeople who speak in tongues should pray for interpretation as well.
The (human) spirit prays while speaking in tongues
howeverthe mind is unfruitful at this time
therefore
Tongues cannot replace regular prayer, teaching, and bible study.
Paul is thankful he speaks in tongues (and more than everyone else!)
howeverin church Paul would rather speak five intelligible words to instruct than ten-thousand words in a tongue
thereforeThe role of preaching and teaching is more important in the church than the manifestation of tongues.
Speaking in tongues is a sign to unbelievers to convict them of God's power
howeverif everyone speaks in tongues and no interpretation is given the church will look insane and the unbeliever will not be convicted
thereforeInterpretation is absolutely necessary, as are prophecy and teaching so that the unbeliever will be convicted of his or her sin and accept Christ.
In summary, Paul is teaching:
- All believers are baptized in the Holy Spirit.
- Each believer receives (a) gift(s) as God wills.
- Each gift shows a manifestation of the Spirit.
- Each gift is equal in power.
- Speaking in tongues involves the use of real languages.
- In corporate worship, prophecy is generally better than speaking in tongues.
- Tongues are good too, but only if they are interpreted.
- Speaking in tongues is not a replacement for normal prayer and teaching.
- Along with prophecy and teaching speaking in tongues will convict unbelievers, but only if the tongues are interpreted. Otherwise, speaking in tongues will deter unbelievers.
This study argues different points that are both charismatic and fundamentalist, but does not settle on either extreme, but instead seeks a valid middle-ground that values the use of the Spiritual gifts but does not lift some gifts up as more important (or better "signs") than others. Hopefully I have argued a balanced perspective that is biblical and not based on a particular theological ideology. I apologise for any perceived or actual biases or incorrect information; this is undoubtedly not the last time I will revisit this issue.
Thanks for reading this long post. I pray that you are edified by it, God bless.
PS: I have a
lot of homework due in the next two weeks, so feel free to leave comments but don't expect any detailed responses for a while.